Summary of last class(11).

Summary of last class(11).

I studied about the "Open-sources".

Models of politics (of resistance)-critical art ensemble, “intervention,” “disturbance,” and “post dialectics”-virus-open-source software and the “politics of artifacts”.
Resistance is tactics and means to oppose the strategies of "The Prince" countering the techniques and "technologies of power" that impose isolation, distraction and domination through surveillance, entertainment, and force.

- Electronic disturbance [virus , trojan horse , worm, bomb]

Worm was made Robert Morris, a 23 year old computer science graduate student at Cornell, brought the Internet to a virtual stop in 1988 with a “worm.” He was the first person prosecuted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. Now, MIT professor.

Examples of open source software.
Operating systems : Linux ,FreeBSD,OpenBSD ...etc.
Internet: BIND, sendmail, Mozilla,OpenSSL ...etc.
Programming Tools: Zope, Languages, GNU compilers and tools.

Some dates from the history of open source.
UNIX operating system developed at Bell Labs and by a diverse group of contributors outside of Bell Labs; later AT&T enforces intellectual property rights and “closes” the code, in 1970s. Richard Stallman founds the Free Software Foundation, in 1983. Linus Torvalds releases first version of Linux built, in 1993. Debian Free Software Guidelines released, in 1997. Netscape releases Navigator in source, in 1998.

Summary of last class(10).

Summary of last class(10).

I studied about the "Public & Privacy".


Surveillance close watch kept over someone or something, technologies of surveillance. For example, Viisage & Superbowl XXXV.
Surveillance model versus capture model. Surveillance model is built upon visual metaphors and derives from historical experiences of secret police surveillance. Capture model is built upon linguistic metaphors and takes as its prototype the deliberate reorganization of industrial work activities to allow computers to track them "the work activities" in real time.
Privacy is the quality or state of being apart from company or observation, a place of seclusion
digital media versus computer science - digital media studies: some architectures are best designed to be inefficient. Computer science: efficiency is almost always considered to be a virtue: efficient architectures are usually good architectures.

Lessig on architecture of privacy.
Life where less is monitored is a life more private and life where less can be searched is also a life more private.
Technologies and architectures of privacy.
Technologies and architectures are important influences on the production and change of private and public space. But, they do not independently determine what is public and what is private sometimes inefficient architectures, inefficient technologies are good technologies.
Because they allow for or facilitate resistance by the less powerful in the face of powerful individuals, corporations and governments.
Today I learned about history of surveilance, definition of privacy and etc.It is applied to my real life whatever monitoring or search.So I was glad to learn this.

Summary of last class(9).

Summary of last class(9).

I studied about the "Human".

All media are extensions of some human faculty psychic or physical.
Ratio of the senses.
McLuhan, in Understanding Media, claims that every new medium institutes new ratios between our senses.- McLuhan does not say that new media are replacements for older media.
What I am saying is that media as extensions of our senses institute new ratios, not only among our private senses, but among themselves, when they interact among themselves
Medium as mirrorwe see “ourselves” in the medium- medium as prosthesiswe are radically altered by a medium
Digital media studies is a kind of media studies that pays especial attention to the techniques and technologies of computers and computer networks .
Biopolitics- politics carried out through the means, the techniques and technologies of health and illness, statistics, the census, epidemiology and demography, the science of race, eugenics, population, abortion, genomics, and new reproductive technologies.
And, a cyborg is a cybernetic organism, a hybrid machine and organism, a creature of social reality as well as a creature of fiction
MUD stands for multi-user domain- MOO stands for MUD, object-oriented (referring to a particular way in which the MUD is programmed using an object-oriented language)
what is LambdaMOO?- LambdaMOO is sort of like a chat room. It's a text-only based virtual community of thousands of people from all over the world.
We learned about "cyborg manifesto ,ratio, nakamura and etc".

Summary of last class(8).

Summary of last class(8).

I studied about the "computer games".

pain station, computer games.
Sherry Turkle on computer games and processes of identificationHenry Jenkins on computer games, gender and space.
Many things in a game engine. For example, a game engine includes graphics, physics, A.I and a lot more. They construct the game.
However, it is not true that the game players always like that is already made by programmer. The game players want to have their own, they want to express their personality. So they modify the game to what they want. For example, modify the character, clothes, color, etc. We saw the examples with pong How the people modified the games.
What makes a good game ? play? story? realism? or something else? It can be changed by player's identification. But usually people say that the popular game is good game.
We learned that people make media and then media make people. Computer games are also a media. So computer games influence people's identity especially with gender. The games which boys like and the games which girls like is not same. Computer games also influence constituting human's identity.

Summary of last class(7).

Summary of last class(7).


The Introduction of Information Technology, Computer-Aid

Key points of the class is that every digital media technology has an architecture using diagrams to compare physical architectures with digital architectures. It means that digital media technology must have architecture as similar as other ordinary technologies. Every digital media technology has an architecture that can be used to transform work, play and governance.

CSCW is Computer Supported Cooperative Work. that is a field of research and design. The examples of CSCW are CAD, CAM. CSCW has a process-form.
CAD is used for designing something especially architectual design drawing. We can consider very detail and precious parts when using CAD. CAM is used for manufactual activity. We have to design something with CAD or Computer-aid basic system.
Computer would manufacture what we designed automatically. It is usually used in Manufactual plants. Because of Using CAM, Machines displace human's hands completely. Human's hands is not accurate and fast, and makes many inferior goods. But machine doesn't do like that.

Computer-aid is a planner to design structure of someting. In fact, People have tried to make a structure with more precision and efficiency. Especially, in surveilance area, People thought how to supevise prisoner efficiently. In 1800s, they used a Circle form structure. supervisor top is central of prison area, and cell is located outline of circle. So supervisor can see prisoner easily. They didn't used computer. But the effort to advance designing made Computer-aid science.

Summary of last class(6).

Summary of last class(6).



I studied about the "Human-Computer Interaction".



This class's key point is that people often interact with media technologies as though the technologies were people.
People made a mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer and tried to improve that.
But today, people try to make a new tool. For example, touch screen, percieving finger print or eye, incognizing voice or moving, webcam.
The new tool even considerated ergonomic. So now we can interact with computer more efficient and fast.
Computers are composed by 'Turned on' or 'off'(these are equal to '1' or '0' in number, and 'True' or 'False' in boolean number.). And the graphic, sound, programming in computers are composed to same things.
They by input and output devices are just 'turning'.

Human Computer Interaction.

Ethnomethodology simply means study of the ways in people make sense of their social world.

Ethnomethodology is fairlt recent socialogical perspective, founded by the American socialogist Harold Garfinkel in the early 1960s.

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This class is very interesting. I concentrate of class's content.

The image of Woody Allan is very interesting and fuuny.

Summary of last class(5).

Summary of last class(5).

I studied about the "Artificial Intelligence".

First, Alan Turing is founder of computer science and artificial intelligence. And he was mathematican philosopher, and codebreaker and a gay man. In Cambridge, he invented the Turing machine, And his major in Princeton University (Graduate school) was ligic, algebra, number theory Ph.D. And he introduced to german Enigma cipher machine in cambridge, and he broke of U-boat Enigma in World War II. After World War II, He did program and made meural nets and Artificial intelligence. He is also inventor of his "Imitation game".

This game's obect is to found real woman. 'The man's' object in the game to try and cause the interrogater to make the wrong identification. But the object of the game for 'The woman' is to help the interrogator.
But, who is a definition that arificial intelligence? Marvin Minsky gave a definition of artificial intelligence. He said that artificial intelligence is the science of making machines do things that
would require intelligence as if done by humans.
AI's research areas is knowledge representation, natural language understanding, speech understanding, vision and etc.
But, most people know that gps is global positioning system. However,GPS is what is known in AI as a planner, not global positioning system.
It is a computer program for thorems proof, geometric problems and chess playing.
But, they have frame problem.

This problem is that the problem of deciding what parts of the inertnal model to update when a change is made to the model or the external world.
And we learned about ELIZA. It is a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine.

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