Summary of last class(11).

Summary of last class(11).

I studied about the "Open-sources".

Models of politics (of resistance)-critical art ensemble, “intervention,” “disturbance,” and “post dialectics”-virus-open-source software and the “politics of artifacts”.
Resistance is tactics and means to oppose the strategies of "The Prince" countering the techniques and "technologies of power" that impose isolation, distraction and domination through surveillance, entertainment, and force.

- Electronic disturbance [virus , trojan horse , worm, bomb]

Worm was made Robert Morris, a 23 year old computer science graduate student at Cornell, brought the Internet to a virtual stop in 1988 with a “worm.” He was the first person prosecuted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. Now, MIT professor.

Examples of open source software.
Operating systems : Linux ,FreeBSD,OpenBSD ...etc.
Internet: BIND, sendmail, Mozilla,OpenSSL ...etc.
Programming Tools: Zope, Languages, GNU compilers and tools.

Some dates from the history of open source.
UNIX operating system developed at Bell Labs and by a diverse group of contributors outside of Bell Labs; later AT&T enforces intellectual property rights and “closes” the code, in 1970s. Richard Stallman founds the Free Software Foundation, in 1983. Linus Torvalds releases first version of Linux built, in 1993. Debian Free Software Guidelines released, in 1997. Netscape releases Navigator in source, in 1998.

Summary of last class(10).

Summary of last class(10).

I studied about the "Public & Privacy".


Surveillance close watch kept over someone or something, technologies of surveillance. For example, Viisage & Superbowl XXXV.
Surveillance model versus capture model. Surveillance model is built upon visual metaphors and derives from historical experiences of secret police surveillance. Capture model is built upon linguistic metaphors and takes as its prototype the deliberate reorganization of industrial work activities to allow computers to track them "the work activities" in real time.
Privacy is the quality or state of being apart from company or observation, a place of seclusion
digital media versus computer science - digital media studies: some architectures are best designed to be inefficient. Computer science: efficiency is almost always considered to be a virtue: efficient architectures are usually good architectures.

Lessig on architecture of privacy.
Life where less is monitored is a life more private and life where less can be searched is also a life more private.
Technologies and architectures of privacy.
Technologies and architectures are important influences on the production and change of private and public space. But, they do not independently determine what is public and what is private sometimes inefficient architectures, inefficient technologies are good technologies.
Because they allow for or facilitate resistance by the less powerful in the face of powerful individuals, corporations and governments.
Today I learned about history of surveilance, definition of privacy and etc.It is applied to my real life whatever monitoring or search.So I was glad to learn this.

Summary of last class(9).

Summary of last class(9).

I studied about the "Human".

All media are extensions of some human faculty psychic or physical.
Ratio of the senses.
McLuhan, in Understanding Media, claims that every new medium institutes new ratios between our senses.- McLuhan does not say that new media are replacements for older media.
What I am saying is that media as extensions of our senses institute new ratios, not only among our private senses, but among themselves, when they interact among themselves
Medium as mirrorwe see “ourselves” in the medium- medium as prosthesiswe are radically altered by a medium
Digital media studies is a kind of media studies that pays especial attention to the techniques and technologies of computers and computer networks .
Biopolitics- politics carried out through the means, the techniques and technologies of health and illness, statistics, the census, epidemiology and demography, the science of race, eugenics, population, abortion, genomics, and new reproductive technologies.
And, a cyborg is a cybernetic organism, a hybrid machine and organism, a creature of social reality as well as a creature of fiction
MUD stands for multi-user domain- MOO stands for MUD, object-oriented (referring to a particular way in which the MUD is programmed using an object-oriented language)
what is LambdaMOO?- LambdaMOO is sort of like a chat room. It's a text-only based virtual community of thousands of people from all over the world.
We learned about "cyborg manifesto ,ratio, nakamura and etc".

Summary of last class(8).

Summary of last class(8).

I studied about the "computer games".

pain station, computer games.
Sherry Turkle on computer games and processes of identificationHenry Jenkins on computer games, gender and space.
Many things in a game engine. For example, a game engine includes graphics, physics, A.I and a lot more. They construct the game.
However, it is not true that the game players always like that is already made by programmer. The game players want to have their own, they want to express their personality. So they modify the game to what they want. For example, modify the character, clothes, color, etc. We saw the examples with pong How the people modified the games.
What makes a good game ? play? story? realism? or something else? It can be changed by player's identification. But usually people say that the popular game is good game.
We learned that people make media and then media make people. Computer games are also a media. So computer games influence people's identity especially with gender. The games which boys like and the games which girls like is not same. Computer games also influence constituting human's identity.

Summary of last class(7).

Summary of last class(7).


The Introduction of Information Technology, Computer-Aid

Key points of the class is that every digital media technology has an architecture using diagrams to compare physical architectures with digital architectures. It means that digital media technology must have architecture as similar as other ordinary technologies. Every digital media technology has an architecture that can be used to transform work, play and governance.

CSCW is Computer Supported Cooperative Work. that is a field of research and design. The examples of CSCW are CAD, CAM. CSCW has a process-form.
CAD is used for designing something especially architectual design drawing. We can consider very detail and precious parts when using CAD. CAM is used for manufactual activity. We have to design something with CAD or Computer-aid basic system.
Computer would manufacture what we designed automatically. It is usually used in Manufactual plants. Because of Using CAM, Machines displace human's hands completely. Human's hands is not accurate and fast, and makes many inferior goods. But machine doesn't do like that.

Computer-aid is a planner to design structure of someting. In fact, People have tried to make a structure with more precision and efficiency. Especially, in surveilance area, People thought how to supevise prisoner efficiently. In 1800s, they used a Circle form structure. supervisor top is central of prison area, and cell is located outline of circle. So supervisor can see prisoner easily. They didn't used computer. But the effort to advance designing made Computer-aid science.

Summary of last class(6).

Summary of last class(6).



I studied about the "Human-Computer Interaction".



This class's key point is that people often interact with media technologies as though the technologies were people.
People made a mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer and tried to improve that.
But today, people try to make a new tool. For example, touch screen, percieving finger print or eye, incognizing voice or moving, webcam.
The new tool even considerated ergonomic. So now we can interact with computer more efficient and fast.
Computers are composed by 'Turned on' or 'off'(these are equal to '1' or '0' in number, and 'True' or 'False' in boolean number.). And the graphic, sound, programming in computers are composed to same things.
They by input and output devices are just 'turning'.

Human Computer Interaction.

Ethnomethodology simply means study of the ways in people make sense of their social world.

Ethnomethodology is fairlt recent socialogical perspective, founded by the American socialogist Harold Garfinkel in the early 1960s.

(comment))

This class is very interesting. I concentrate of class's content.

The image of Woody Allan is very interesting and fuuny.

Summary of last class(5).

Summary of last class(5).

I studied about the "Artificial Intelligence".

First, Alan Turing is founder of computer science and artificial intelligence. And he was mathematican philosopher, and codebreaker and a gay man. In Cambridge, he invented the Turing machine, And his major in Princeton University (Graduate school) was ligic, algebra, number theory Ph.D. And he introduced to german Enigma cipher machine in cambridge, and he broke of U-boat Enigma in World War II. After World War II, He did program and made meural nets and Artificial intelligence. He is also inventor of his "Imitation game".

This game's obect is to found real woman. 'The man's' object in the game to try and cause the interrogater to make the wrong identification. But the object of the game for 'The woman' is to help the interrogator.
But, who is a definition that arificial intelligence? Marvin Minsky gave a definition of artificial intelligence. He said that artificial intelligence is the science of making machines do things that
would require intelligence as if done by humans.
AI's research areas is knowledge representation, natural language understanding, speech understanding, vision and etc.
But, most people know that gps is global positioning system. However,GPS is what is known in AI as a planner, not global positioning system.
It is a computer program for thorems proof, geometric problems and chess playing.
But, they have frame problem.

This problem is that the problem of deciding what parts of the inertnal model to update when a change is made to the model or the external world.
And we learned about ELIZA. It is a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine.

(comment)

Summary of last class(4).

Summary of last class(4).

I studied about the "Social Networks".

Social Networks.

This class key points are that new media technologies usually reinforce with existing social networks or even work to isolate people. But new media technologies facilitate new social networks. It challenge at once existing social, political and economic.

Social networks are included in social science. Social scientists definited social networks important consequences with every individual. In social networks as science, the central is the guy who has the most relationships with others. Bridge is connector between relationships and other relationships.

And Social networks are included in Technology, Popular culture, Art. So users have repurposed the technology to present their identity and connect in personallymeaningful ways while the architect works to define and regulate acceptable models of use. We need to think the social scientific concepts of equivalent, centrality, even node and link.

(comment)

This time study helped a gain and loss easily with many photograph data.

Kevin Bacon's theory, fortune portion was many in interest and it was good.

Summary of last class(3).

Summary of last class(3).

I studied about the "www: The world wide web".

World Wide Web was made by Tim berners-lee. It is the stated genealogy of the technology.
It is that people makes media and media makes people.
People and media acts mutual.
WWW is many liked hypertext. And hypertext makeup html, and then use http what is an internet protocol designed for transferring information for hypertext documents.
WWW is a collaboratively authored hypertext. It is an aggregate with hypertext.
It was admited standard by many organizations. It is heterogeneous network of people and machines.
WWW is the very big network. And now it is essential to modern life. So create vairety organiization and standards for using www. For example ISO (International standards organization), IETF (Internet engineering task force), W3C (World-wide-web consortium).

(comment)
Still it is difficult but the first compared to is feeling a fun in study. Me always a thing which will finish the best. The next hour, we learn regarding the social network. This subject in small quantity familiar thing becomes the expectation in us.

Summary of last class(2).

Summary of last class.

HyperText

I studied about the "HyperText".

Hypertext is one way that digital technique has been understood is new form of it reads and it is write and it thinks. Hypertext is the way digital media has been understood.

New media is often used to simulate old media and new media don't replace old media, it displace other.

I learned two keypoints in last class.

I learn them through example of Engelbart.

Engelbart is inventer of the mouse, 2D display editing and hypermedia and outline processing, multiple window displays, document version control, remote procedure call protocols. And he has many careers in education and employment.

And Engelbart is consisted with the computer mouse, hypertext, object addressing and dynamic
file linking, shared-screen collaboration, communicating over a network with audio and video interface.

And they became the public debut by Engelbart. So mouse, windows, e-mail, and word processor have root in them. It is very amazing. Engelbart is a unique person. Computer development is important role. His thought was foundation of the network.

And Tristan Tzara wrote his poem, cut out article, cut the words that make up article and put them, take the articles one after the other in the order in which they left there. Standard computer-human interaction of the 1960's was batch processing.

(Comment)

This time study the general fatigue came out and it heard and it was very hard. But the maximum the hazard which it hears the result to endeavor very is known the fortune things in interest and was the study.

Summary of last class.

Summary of last class

I studied about the "welcome to the present"and "As We May Think".

- Wednesday

"welcome to the present"

There are two important key points of this week.

One is the digital media techonologies connect or separate people and another is that technologies embody social, political, cultural, economic and philosophical dieas and realationships. And we talked about egg for art material connect from another material to place painted.

I saw some pictures and explains connect or separate by power point system. Power point system is very interesting and Yoon professor's explanation too.

But study which it does with English in me is difficult.

- Friday

"As We May Think"

Vannevar bush designed for MEMEX.

MEMEX is very amazing. It is very similar with technique of today.

Bush's stated motivation is the method. Bush made the Memex because the way of collecting and of compressing data is hard when people have lots of note for study besides he wants to find the data faster and easier what he exactly need. And Bush was trying to solve the problem which suppose the idea were not enough. And Memex is help to scientist when they keep their own data. Also it helps people.

The index which is able to move to move, it like as the WWW.

Memex is the beginning of arranging the data and developing the information techonology. I really surprise the Structure of MEMEX.

(comment)

I'm embarrassed in last class. Because I didn't read which text.

But the study contents is interest. Vannevar bush's Idea is very interesting and amazing.

But the study which it does still with English in me is difficult.